Cadogan and colleagues' (Cadogan et al., 2001, 2002)
empirical studies identify antecedents to EMO behavior in
samples of exporters in New Zealand, Finland and the USA.
This work draws heavily on variables and ideas arising in the
contingency theory of the firm (see Donaldson, 2001). In this
respect, four key sets of antecedent variables can be identified:
export structures, export systems, export development indicators,
and export environment factors (see Fig. 1). We expand on
these factors now. In doing so, we present arguments and
hypotheses previously modeled and, drawing on new literature
sources, we extend the theory of EMO's antecedents by
presenting a new hypothesis regarding the roles of export
coordination and the export environment in determining firms'
EMO behavior levels.